Physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water-washed meat in the presence of the more soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein

We investigated the physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water‐washed pork meat (WWM) in the presence of the soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) obtained with ammonium sulfate at 75 percent saturation. Two precipitated fractions of SP were obtained at 0–50 percent and 50–75 percent saturation, named SP‐f1 and SP‐f2, respectively, and the soluble fraction obtained at 75 percent saturation, SP‐f3, was used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that SP‐f3 contained mainly glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while SP‐f1 and SP‐f2 had other SPs such as phosphorylase b, enolase, actin and phosphoglycerate mutase. The gel strength of WWM was greater when SP‐f3 rather than one of various animal proteins such as bovine plasma (BP), egg white, or whey protein isolates (WPI), was added and SP‐f3 had a gel‐enhancing effect as good as that of polyphosphate (PP). The gel strength of WWM with added SP‐f3 increased significantly with NaCl at 0.15 mol/L or more, but not in the absence of NaCl (0 mol/L). The effect of SP‐f3 was evident at neutral pH and maximum gel strength was obtained at a pH above 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that an endothermic peak corresponding to myosin heads in WWM shifted to a lower temperature with the addition of SP‐f3, as in the case of PP, though there was no such shift in the presence of other animal proteins (BP, egg white and WPI), suggesting that SP‐f3 increases the gel strength of WWM through the dissociation of actomyosin similar to PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed wall‐like structures among the protein strands in the WWM gel matrix in the presence of SP‐f3. The results of DSC and SEM indicated that the formation of a gel network in meat products is reinforced with GAPDH in SP after the interaction between GAPDH and myofibrillar protein.     

宁南旱地小杂粮产业开发技术研究

立足宁南旱地小杂粮生产现状,通过分析影响产业化发展的主要限制因子,提出了以持续增进降水生产潜力,提高降水利用率和农田水分效率为重点,大力推广优质高效抗旱新品种及配套栽培技术、优化集成抗旱节水农业技术、培肥土壤、建设高产稳产基本农田、加强产业化开发等关键技术。     

仁用杏园不同土层土壤养分含量的测定

在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区，对仁用杏园的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾进行了测定。0～500cm土层的土壤有机质为3．368g／kg，全氮为0．268g／kg，全磷为0．536g／kg，速效氮为13．644mg／kg。速效磷为2．202mg／kg，速效钾为50．406mg／kg。陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区仁用杏园无论是浅层、根系集中分布层还是源层土壤，土壤养分含量均较低，满足不了仁用杏的正常生长与开花结实。     

陕北丘陵沟壑区发展生态草畜产业的思考

实施退耕还林还草之后,种草养畜是陕北丘陵沟壑区重要的后续产业,成为农民增收新的突破口。挖掘发展草畜业的资源优势和潜力,采用扩大苜蓿种植、实行舍饲养羊发展节粮型畜牧业、发展草畜产品的加工和综合利用、建立健全服务体系等措施,应遵循生态学原理和循环经济理念,从牧草生产源头抓起,严格防止草畜生产各环节的污染,全面建设生态草畜业,实现区域生态经济可持续发展。     

黄土丘陵区垄沟改良措施对玉米水分利用效率的影响

选择延安地区作为黄土丘陵区的代表,在延安地区应用地膜、液态地膜、保水剂、PAM(土壤改良剂)和间作套种措施优化大垄沟种植方式种植玉米,分析了不同优化措施种植玉米的水分利用效率。结果表明,地膜、保水剂、PAM和间作方式有利于大垄沟较好地保持土壤水分,其保水能力分别比平种高出17.4%、8.5%、11.6%、5.3%;液态地膜、地膜、间作和PAM表现出很好的增产效果,其产量分别比平种高出77.7%、72.0%、64.1%、30.8%。     

全球变暖背景下中国北方沙尘暴变化及其对黄土高原成壤的影响研究

黄土的风成说表明粉尘黄土沉积及其成壤与沙尘暴之间存在着密切的联系,作为粉尘搬运的典型:沙尘暴是一种在强冷空气条件下粉尘快速而大规模被搬运和沉降事件,而长时间尺度的沙尘暴事件受全球气候变化的控制和影响;同时,沙尘暴发生的频次和强度变化进而会影响黄土高原地区的黄土粉尘沉积及其成壤强度的变化。本文是在考察中国北方沙尘暴成因机制与黄土高原粉尘沉积和成壤之间关系的基础上,探讨了在全球持续变暖背景下中国北方沙尘暴的发生频次变化及其对黄土高原地区粉尘沉积和成壤强度的可能影响。主要结论是:在全球持续变暖的背景下,虽然粉尘沉积区的降水并没有显著增加,但粉尘源区气候趋于暖湿化,导致中国北方沙尘暴有逐年减少的趋势,使得黄土高原粉尘堆积的速率减小,因而,黄土高原地区将进入一个成壤相对强的时期。     

风成沉积物环境敏感粒度指标的提取及意义

采用SPSS11.5软件中的主成分分析方法,对黄土高原西部末次冰期沉积的宁夏中卫冰沟剖面和兰州沙金坪剖面的粒度进行了环境敏感粒度指标的提取,沙金坪剖面和冰沟剖面的环境敏感粒级分别为24.70-27.90μm、62.47-68.97μm,冰沟剖面的阈值基本是砂粒级标准(>63μm),冰沟剖面由于距沙漠源区更近,受物源影响更大而使敏感组分更粗,不同地区的环境敏感粒度指标存在差异。另外,不同数学方法提取的指标也存在差异,数学方法的运用必须考虑其数值所表示的物理机制和环境意义。     

浅谈孔隙率对沥青路面的影响

沥青混合料的孔隙率是一个重要的设计参数，其对于沥青路面的强度和使用性能有着重要的影响。在施工时，由于施工条件和设备的影响，不可能达到设计的孔隙率，于是一般要求用压实度作为施工时的一个控制指标，将沥青路面施工后的孔隙率控制在一个可接受的范围。在路面使用的初期，必然会有一段时间处于未完全压实工作状态，这种工作状态下，沥青路面能够提供的是未完全稳定的早期强度。在设计时，需要对比多个级配的混合料，确定合理的早期强度。     

Simultaneous measurement of soil water and soil hardness using a modified time domain reflectometry probe and a conventional cone penetrometer

Soil strength and water content are important indices for assessing soil resistance to root growth and soil compaction both of which affect other soil properties. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of soil penetration resistance (PR) and soil water content can aid agricultural land management. We measured PR with a conventional cone penetrometer, followed immediately by determining water content using a modified TDR probe inserted into the penetrometer hole. From the results of a field feasibility test, soil water content was measured satisfactorily and correlated well with data obtained by the gravimetric method, except for those data from near the surface owing to soil disturbance when the cone penetrometer was extracted after the PR measurements. Field results demonstrate that PR and soil water content have three‐dimensional variability, with a markedly different distribution pattern between cultivated and subsoil layers at the field scale. Overall, the variability in the PR and soil water data is similar to that reported in previous studies. We conclude that our method produces results helpful to field management of soil and water because it is based on a simple and easy technique for the simultaneous measurement of soil water content and PR.     

ZFS4800型液压支架的结构分析与强度计算

液压支架是煤炭工业中最主要的支护设备,为工人安全生产和设备的正常工作提供了保证.介绍了液压支架的工作原理,并使用Solid-edge软件对液压支架进行三维建模,完成了对液压支架的虚拟装配.通过对ZFS4800型液压支架的结构简化和分析,建立了液压支架的强度计算过程,结果表明其性能可靠.